Synthesis of new representatives of A₃B-type carboranylporphyrins based on meso-tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin transformations

• Victoria M. Alpatova,
• Evgeny G. Rys,
• Elena G. Kononova and
• Valentina A. Ol'shevskaya

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 767–776, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.70

• single pentafluorophenyl ring was prepared through the regioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of the p-fluorine atoms in 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin with 9-mercapto-m-carborane. The reaction of this porphyrin with sodium azide led to the selective substitution of

Synthesis of π-conjugated polycyclic compounds by late-stage extrusion of chalcogen fragments

• Aissam Okba,
• Pablo Simón Marqués,
• Kyohei Matsuo,
• Naoki Aratani,
• Hiroko Yamada,
• Gwénaël Rapenne and
• Claire Kammerer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 287–305, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.30

• ), it was non-scalable and displayed low modularity. Indeed, the imide groups along with their substituents were introduced at a rather early stage of the synthesis, with the ultimate synthetic step being the formation of the thiepine ring via a two-fold nucleophilic aromatic substitution by sodium

• corresponding boronic acid 9 and a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling between 8 and 9 gave rise to dimer 10, followed by the oxidation of both acenaphthene units into 1,8-naphthalic anhydrides. Installation of the thiepine ring was achieved by a double nucleophilic aromatic substitution induced by sodium sulfide

Recent advances in the asymmetric phosphoric acid-catalyzed synthesis of axially chiral compounds

• Alemayehu Gashaw Woldegiorgis and
• Xufeng Lin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2729–2764, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.185

• ]. Organocatalytic aryl C–H activation via a nonradical process represents an enormous challenge in organic synthesis, although the nucleophilic aromatic substitution with cleavage of the electrophilic aryl C–H bond has only recently been developed by transition-metal-catalyzed aryl C–H activation [57]. In the

• presence of a chiral phosphoric acid, the azo group has recently been revealed to be a useful moiety that may efficiently activate an aromatic ring for formal nucleophilic aromatic substitution, resulting in the cleavage of the aryl C–H bond and direct arylation of the nucleophile [58]. In 2018, Tan and co

• -workers showed that azo groups enable the organocatalytic asymmetric arylation of indoles. The nucleophilic aromatic substitution between the azobenzene derivative 24 and indoles 25 was carried out in the presence of 2.5 mol % chiral phosphoric acid (CPA 8, Scheme 9a), leading to the intermediate I-4

On the application of 3d metals for C–H activation toward bioactive compounds: The key step for the synthesis of silver bullets

• Renato L. Carvalho,
• Amanda S. de Miranda,
• Mateus P. Nunes,
• Roberto S. Gomes,
• Guilherme A. M. Jardim and
• Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1849–1938, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.126

Application of the Meerwein reaction of 1,4-benzoquinone to a metal-free synthesis of benzofuropyridine analogues

• Rashmi Singh,
• Tomas Horsten,
• Rashmi Prakash,
• Swapan Dey and
• Wim Dehaen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 977–982, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.79

• to hydroquinone 12 with N,N-diethylhydroxylamine (N,N-DEHA) and cyclized via intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution to isolate 6-hydroxybenzofuro[2,3-b]pyridine (13) with 82% yield. Conveniently, the synthesis of 13 was achieved in a one-pot reaction from 11 with no significant differences

Effective microwave-assisted approach to 1,2,3-triazolobenzodiazepinones via tandem Ugi reaction/catalyst-free intramolecular azide–alkyne cycloaddition

• Maryna O. Mazur,
• Oleksii S. Zhelavskyi,
• Eugene M. Zviagin,
• Svitlana V. Shishkina,
• Vladimir I. Musatov,
• Maksim A. Kolosov,
• Elena H. Shvets,
• Anna Yu. Andryushchenko and
• Valentyn A. Chebanov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 678–687, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.57

• be prepared via two similar procedures previously described in the literature [17][18]. Our synthetic route is based on the protocol offered in T. Pelkey’s publication [18] using DMF as a solvent for the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the nitro group in 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (1) instead of the

1,2,3-Triazoles as leaving groups: S_NAr reactions of 2,6-bistriazolylpurines with O- and C-nucleophiles

• Dace Cīrule,
• Irina Novosjolova,
• Ērika Bizdēna and
• Māris Turks

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 410–419, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.37

• ring at the C6 position of purine to act as leaving group. Keywords: 2,6-bistriazolyl purines; nucleophilic aromatic substitution; purine nucleosides; triazoles; Introduction Modified purine derivatives are an important class of compounds which possess a wide spectrum of biological activities [1][2

1,2,3-Triazoles as leaving groups in S_NAr–Arbuzov reactions: synthesis of C6-phosphonated purine derivatives

• Kārlis-Ēriks Kriķis,
• Irina Novosjolova,
• Anatoly Mishnev and
• Māris Turks

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 193–202, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.19

• . Keywords: Arbuzov reaction; 2,6-bistriazolylpurines; nucleophilic aromatic substitution; purinylphosphonates; Introduction Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) are an important compound class due to their biological activity profile [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Compounds bearing a phosphonate moiety in their N9

Novel library synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted pyridin-2(1H)-ones via cleavage of pyridine-2-oxy-7-azabenzotriazole ethers under ionic hydrogenation conditions at room temperature

• Romain Pierre,
• Anne Brethon,
• Sylvain A. Jacques,
• Aurélie Blond,
• Sandrine Chambon,
• Sandrine Talano,
• Catherine Raffin,
• Branislav Musicki,
• Claire Bouix-Peter,
• Loic Tomas,
• Gilles Ouvry,
• Rémy Morgentin,
• Laurent F. Hennequin and
• Craig S. Harris

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 156–165, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.16

• ), complex mixtures were obtained with less than 5% conversion to the desired amide product 31. The library process was completed by carrying out the nucleophilic aromatic substitution with a 3-fold excess of amine in DMF at 60 °C overnight to afford 32a–h, after a removal of Boc or Cbz groups [20] where

Metal-free synthesis of biarenes via photoextrusion in di(tri)aryl phosphates

• Hisham Qrareya,
• Lorenzo Meazza,
• Stefano Protti and
• Maurizio Fagnoni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 3008–3014, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.250

• nowadays a growing interest in the forging of Ar–Ar bonds under transition-metal-free conditions [24][25]. Apart the most common pathways, e.g., the Friedel–Crafts functionalization [26] or nucleophilic aromatic substitution [27], alternative approaches have emerged that make use of photogenerated

Synthesis of 4-substituted azopyridine-functionalized Ni(II)-porphyrins as molecular spin switches

• Jannis Ludwig,
• Tobias Moje,
• Fynn Röhricht and
• Rainer Herges

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2589–2597, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.210

• Dommaschk et al. [4][27]. Synthesis of azopyridines 11, 14, 16 and 18 by nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Synthesis of 3-(3-bromophenylazo)-4-cyanopyridine (20), which was hydrolyzed to yield 3-(3-bromophenylazo)-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid (21). Modular approach for the C–C connection of the Ni(II

Naphthalene diimide–amino acid conjugates as novel fluorimetric and CD probes for differentiation between ds-DNA and ds-RNA

• Annike Weißenstein,
• Myroslav O. Vysotsky,
• Ivo Piantanida and
• Frank Würthner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2032–2045, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.170

• second step, the naphthalene nucleus was functionalized via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution with the Boc-protected amino acids ʟ-Dap and ʟ-Lys. The reaction was carried out in dry DMSO at 60–65 °C for 1.5–2 hours. After two preparative HPLC purifications in an acidic environment (with TFA) and

Synthesis and properties of quinazoline-based versatile exciplex-forming compounds

• Rasa Keruckiene,
• Simona Vekteryte,
• Ervinas Urbonas,
• Matas Guzauskas,
• Eigirdas Skuodis,
• Dmytro Volyniuk and
• Juozas V. Grazulevicius

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1142–1153, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.101

• , bearing a quinazoline unit as the acceptor core and carbazole, dimethyldihydroacridine, or phenothiazine donor moieties, were designed and synthesized in two steps including a facile copper-catalyzed cyclization and a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The photophysical properties of the

• nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The dimethyldihydroacridine and phenothiazine-containing quinazoline compounds formed molecular glasses with glass-transition temperatures of 123 °C and 116 °C, respectively. The ionization potentials estimated by cyclic voltammetry of the derivatives were found to

A toolbox of molecular photoswitches to modulate the CXCR3 chemokine receptor with light

• Xavier Gómez-Santacana,
• Sabrina M. de Munnik,
• Tamara A. M. Mocking,
• Niels J. Hauwert,
• Shanliang Sun,
• Prashanna Vijayachandran,
• Iwan J. P. de Esch,
• Henry F. Vischer,
• Maikel Wijtmans and
• Rob Leurs

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2509–2523, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.244

• trans-6e as an orange solid with 97% purity. The synthesis of compounds 6f–h was performed following a nucleophilic aromatic substitution route on 28b (Scheme 4) since precursors 8 or 17 with the required substituent Y were not available. We performed nucleophilic aromatic substitutions with the

Synthesis of a dihalogenated pyridinyl silicon rhodamine for mitochondrial imaging by a halogen dance rearrangement

• Jessica Matthias,
• Thines Kanagasundaram,
• Klaus Kopka and
• Carsten S. Kramer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2333–2343, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.226

• pyridinyl motif. In fact, only two pyridinyl silicon rhodamines (13 and 14) are known so far, although halogenated pyridines are highly interesting for further functionalization or vector conjugation by nucleophilic aromatic substitution. For the implementation of the dihalogenated pyridine motif into the

Synthesis and properties of sulfur-functionalized triarylmethylium, acridinium and triangulenium dyes

• Marco Santella,
• Eduardo Della Pia,
• Jakob Kryger Sørensen and
• Bo W. Laursen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2133–2141, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.210

• influence the overall reactivity of the system towards subsequent nucleophilic aromatic substitution. When the reaction was followed by MALDI–TOFMS spectrometry it was thus possible to observe simultaneously the presence of the target compound and all of the intermediates involved in the reaction. This

Synthesis of benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]benzoselenoazoles: Cs₂CO₃-mediated cyclization of 1-(2-bromoaryl)benzimidazoles with selenium

• Mio Matsumura,
• Yuki Kitamura,
• Arisa Yamauchi,
• Yoshitaka Kanazawa,
• Yuki Murata,
• Tadashi Hyodo,
• Kentaro Yamaguchi and
• Shuji Yasuike

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2029–2035, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.199

• probably deprotonation of the heterocyclic rings with a base. Moreover, nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions between an aryl halide and a selenium reagent such as aryl selenide anion or diaryl diselenide for C(Ar)–Se bond formation using a base have been reported [20][21][22]. However, the

Synthesis and anion binding properties of phthalimide-containing corona[6]arenes

• Meng-Di Gu,
• Yao Lu and
• Mei-Xiang Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1976–1983, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.193

• operational one-pot reaction fashion on the basis of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. To prepare functionalized corona[6]arenes using diethyl terephthalate as a starting material, we observed, however, the formation of a mixture of macrocyclic isomers because

Synthesis and fluorescent properties of N(9)-alkylated 2-amino-6-triazolylpurines and 7-deazapurines

• Andrejs Šišuļins,
• Jonas Bucevičius,
• Yu-Ting Tseng,
• Irina Novosjolova,
• Kaspars Traskovskis,
• Ērika Bizdēna,
• Huan-Tsung Chang,
• Sigitas Tumkevičius and
• Māris Turks

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 474–489, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.41

• -triazolylpurine and 7-deazapurine derivatives is described. A new C(2)-regioselectivity in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of 9-alkylated-2,6-diazidopurines and 7-deazapurines with secondary amines has been disclosed. The obtained intermediates, 9-alkylated-2-amino-6-azido-(7-deaza)purines, were

• to increased fluorescence quantum yield (74%) in THF solution. The compounds exhibit low cytotoxicity and as such are useful for the cell labelling studies in the future. Keywords: 7-deazapurines; fluorescence; nucleophilic aromatic substitution; purines; push–pull systems; pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines

• full account we report the newly developed C(2)-regioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 2,6-diazidopurines, transformation of the intermediate 2-amino-6-azidopurines into the title compounds and comparative photophysical study of originally yet identically substituted fluorescent push–pull

Applications of organocatalysed visible-light photoredox reactions for medicinal chemistry

• Michael K. Bogdos,
• Emmanuel Pinard and
• John A. Murphy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2035–2064, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.179

A three-armed cryptand with triazine and pyridine units: synthesis, structure and complexation with polycyclic aromatic compounds

• Claudia Lar,
• Adrian Woiczechowski-Pop,
• Attila Bende,
• Ioana Georgeta Grosu,
• Natalia Miklášová,
• Elena Bogdan,
• Niculina Daniela Hădade,
• Anamaria Terec and
• Ion Grosu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1370–1377, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.115

• complexes with various aromatic guests. Results and Discussion Cryptand 2 is accessible via nucleophilic aromatic substitution in good yields (42%, Scheme 1) by treating triphenol 3 [36] with the reactive and commercially available 2,6-dichloro-3,5-dicyanopyridine following a procedure previously elaborated

Synthesis and stability of strongly acidic benzamide derivatives

• Frederik Diness,
• Niels J. Bjerrum and
• Mikael Begtrup

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 523–530, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.38

• trifluoromethanesulfonamide group are reported. Novel derivatives of these types of acids were synthesized in good yields. The generated N-triflylbenzamides were further functionalized through cross-coupling and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. All compounds were stable in dilute aqueous solutions. Studies of

• ) or trifluoroacetic acid (3) are not readily modified, and changing substituents on these acids will heavily impact their pKa value (Figure 1). In contrast, halogenated benzoic acid derivatives are easily functionalized through cross-coupling [4][5] or nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions

• fluorine) may be generated in good yields and further functionalized through nucleophilic aromatic substitution or cross-coupling reactions. It was found that the products were stable in dilute aqueous solutions, but they slowly hydrolyzed in concentrated solutions or in the presence of other strong acids

Fluorescent nucleobase analogues for base–base FRET in nucleic acids: synthesis, photophysics and applications

• Mattias Bood,
• Sangamesh Sarangamath,
• Moa S. Wranne,
• Morten Grøtli and
• L. Marcus Wilhelmsson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 114–129, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.7

• -iodoaniline 32 in 68% yield after isolation [52]. The cyclization was performed via nucleophilic aromatic substitution with DBU and DABCO. Presumably DABCO activates the chlorine and modifies it into a better leaving group allowing the sterically hindered base DBU to abstract a proton from the protected

Reagent-controlled regiodivergent intermolecular cyclization of 2-aminobenzothiazoles with β-ketoesters and β-ketoamides

• Irwan Iskandar Roslan,
• Kian-Hong Ng,
• Gaik-Khuan Chuah and
• Stephan Jaenicke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2739–2750, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.270

• . coupled various 1,2-dihaloarenes with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole in a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction [53]. Zhu’s group used Cu salts as a promoter for the cycloaddition of isocyanides with benzothiazoles [54]. Benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles have also been synthesized via coupling of 2

Synthesis of benzannelated sultams by intramolecular Pd-catalyzed arylation of tertiary sulfonamides

• Valentin A. Rassadin,
• Mirko Scholz,
• Anastasiia A. Klochkova,
• Armin de Meijere and
• Victor V. Sokolov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1932–1939, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.187

• [23][24]. However, this method is limited to sultams bearing a strong electron-withdrawing group on the aromatic ring. A similar approach utilizes a nucleophilic aromatic substitution and leads to benzo-γ-sultams, yet this reaction requires harsh conditions and has a limited scope with only few